It’s important to choose the right Unity render pipeline for your project when you’re early in development.
Different render pipelinesA series of operations that take the contents of a Scene, and displays them on a screen. Unity lets you choose from pre-built render pipelines, or write your own. More info
See in Glossary have different capabilities and perform differently, so they work best for different games, applications, and platforms.
It can be very time-consuming to switch a project from one render pipeline to another, especially if the project is far along in development. Different render pipelines use different shadersA program that runs on the GPU. More info
See in Glossary and might not have the same features.
The table shows some high-level differences between the pipelines to help you choose the right pipeline for your project at the start.
Note: You can’t use the Universal Render Pipeline and the High Definition Render Pipeline (HDRP) at the same time. They’re both built with the Scriptable Render Pipeline (SRP), but their render paths and light models are different.
| Feature | Universal Render Pipeline (URP) | High Definition Render Pipeline (HDRP) | Built-In Render Pipeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target uses | Projects that need rendering scalability across all platforms, especially tile-based deferred rendering (TBDR) platforms, and untethered VR platforms. Projects that need to extend and customize the rendering pipeline. 2D and 3D projects. |
Projects that need photorealism and high-fidelity rendering on high-end platforms 3D projects |
Projects that need rendering scalability across all platforms. 2D and 3D projects. |
| Platform support | Supports all Unity-supported platforms Focuses on efficiency on tile-based deferred rendering (TBDR) platforms, and untethered VR platforms |
Supports desktop, Xbox and PlayStation platforms Focuses on efficiently using advanced GPU hardware capabilities such as async compute shaders, and ray tracing if the hardware supports it. |
Supports all Unity-supported platforms |
| Source code access | Mostly C# Public access to the URP source code on GitHub. You can also create a custom pipeline using URP as a base Easier to read, change, and extend the source code than the Built-In Render Pipeline |
Mostly C# Public access to the HDRP source code on GitHub. You can also create a custom pipeline using HDRP as a base Easier to read, change, and extend the source code than the Built-In Render Pipeline |
Mostly C++ Private access by purchasing source code access |
| Pipeline extension | The API and injection points the pipeline provides, or you can modify the publicly available source code Easier to extend than the Built-In Render Pipeline |
The API and injection points the pipeline provides, or you can modify the publicly available source code Easier to extend than the Built-In Render Pipeline, but more difficult than URP because HDRP is complex and has advanced features |
The API and injection points the pipeline provides |
| Customization through artist tooling |
Shader Graph, which you can use to customize shading, materials, and screen space effects Built-in Particle System, which you can use to customize visual effects.Limited customization VFX Graph, which you can use to design visual effects, from simple common particle behaviors to complex simulations running on the GPU. |
Shader Graph, which you can use to customize shading, materials, and screen space effects Built-in Particle System, which you can use to customize visual effects. Limited customization VFX Graph, which you can use to design visual effects, from simple common particle behaviors to complex simulations running on the GPU. |
Shader Graph, which you can use to customize shading, materials, and screen space effects Shader Graph doesn’t receive updates for Built-In Render Pipeline support, aside from bug fixes for existing features Built-in Particle System, which you can use to customize visual effects. Limited customization |
| Customization through hand-coded shaders | HLSL shaders, and URP shaders in the source code that you can customize | HLSL shaders, and HDRP shaders in the source code that you can customize Hand-coded shaders are recommended for advanced users only, because HDRP shaders are complex and have advanced features |
HLSL shaders and surface shaders |
| Lighting | Designed for both realistic and stylized lighting Basic PBR, and some advanced PBR such as clear coat Easier to customize for custom lighting models such as cel shading |
Focuses on photorealism and physically accurate lighting with built-in support for physical light units Basic and advanced PBR. For example clear coat, skin, hair, eyes, subsurface scattering and water Advanced screen space and volumetric effects Harder to customize for custom lighting models such as cel shading |
Designed for both realistic and stylized lighting Basic physically-based rendering (PBR) Easier to customize for custom lighting models such as cel shading |
| Performance | Supports static batching and dynamic batching Advanced draw call batching with the Scriptable Render Pipeline (SRP) Batcher Compatible with the BatchRenderer Group API, and Entities |
Supports static batching Advanced draw call batching with the Scriptable Render Pipeline (SRP) Batcher Compatible with the BatchRenderer Group API, and Entities |
Supports static batching and dynamic batching |
Refer to Render pipeline feature comparison for detailed information about which pipeline is compatible with which features, to help you choose the right pipeline for your project.