Prefabs

It is convenient to build a GameObjectThe fundamental object in Unity scenes, which can represent characters, props, scenery, cameras, waypoints, and more. A GameObject’s functionality is defined by the Components attached to it. More info
See in Glossary in the sceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info
See in Glossary by adding componentsA functional part of a GameObject. A GameObject can contain any number of components. Unity has many built-in components, and you can create your own by writing scripts that inherit from MonoBehaviour. More info
See in Glossary and setting their properties to the appropriate values. This can create problems, however, when you have an object like an NPC, prop or piece of scenery that is reused in the scene several times. Simply copying the object will certainly produce duplicates but they will all be independently editable. Generally, you want all instances of a particular object to have the same properties, so when you edit one object in the scene, you would prefer not to have to make the same edit repeatedly to all the copies.

Fortunately, Unity has a Prefab assetAny media or data that can be used in your game or project. An asset may come from a file created outside of Unity, such as a 3D model, an audio file or an image. You can also create some asset types in Unity, such as an Animator Controller, an Audio Mixer or a Render Texture. More info
See in Glossary type that allows you to store a GameObject object complete with components and properties. The prefab acts as a template from which you can create new object instances in the scene. Any edits made to a prefab asset are immediately reflected in all instances produced from it but you can also override components and settings for each instance individually.

Note: When you drag an asset file (eg, a Mesh) into the scene, it will create a new object instance and all such instances will change when the original asset is changed. However, although its behaviour is superficially similar, the asset is not a prefab, so you won’t be able to add components to it or make use of the other prefab features described below.

Using Prefabs

You can create a prefab by selecting Asset > Create Prefab and then dragging an object from the scene onto the “empty” prefab asset that appears. If you then drag a different GameObject onto the prefab you will be asked if you want to replace your current gameobject with the new one. Simply dragging the prefab asset from the project view to the scene view will then create instances of the prefab. Objects created as prefab instances will be shown in the hierarchy view in blue text. (Normal objects are shown in black text.)

As mentioned above changes to the prefab asset itself will be reflected in all instances but you can also modify individual instances separately. This is useful, say, when you want to create several similar NPCs but introduce variations to make them more realistic. To make it clear when a property has been overridden, it is shown in the inspectorA Unity window that displays information about the currently selected GameObject, Asset or Project Settings, alowing you to inspect and edit the values. More info
See in Glossary with its name label in boldface. (When a completely new component is added to a prefab instance, all of its properties will be shown in boldface.)

You can also create instances of prefabs at runtime from your scriptsA piece of code that allows you to create your own Components, trigger game events, modify Component properties over time and respond to user input in any way you like. More info
See in Glossary. See the manual page about Instantiating Prefabs for further details.

Editing a Prefab from its Instances

The inspector for a prefab instance has three buttons not present for a normal object: Select, Revert and Apply.

The Select button selects the prefab asset from which the instance was generated. This allows you to edit the main prefab and thereby change all its instances. However, you can also save overridden values from an instance back to the originating prefab using the Apply button (modified Transform position values are excluded for obvious reasons). This effectively lets you edit all instances (except those which override the value changed) via any single instance and is a very quick and convenient way to make global changes. If you experiment with overriding properties but then decide you preferred the default values, you can use the Revert button to realign the instance with its prefab.