注意:Unity 5 引入了标准着色器来取代此着色器。
像__漫射 (Diffuse)__ 着色器一样,法线贴图会计算一个简单的 (Lambertian) 光照模型。表面上的光照随着表面与光源之间的角度减小而减弱。光照仅取决于角度,在摄像机移动或旋转时不会改变。
法线贴图__使用纹理模拟小的表面细节,而不是用更多的多边形来实际雕刻细节。实际上并没有改变对象的形状,而是使用一种称为__法线贴图 (Normal Map) 的特殊纹理来实现这种效果。在法线贴图中,每个像素的颜色值表示表面法线的角度。然后通过使用该值而不是几何中的值来计算光照。在计算对象的光照时,法线贴图可以有效地覆盖网格的几何体。
可以导入在 Unity 外部创建的法线贴图,也可以导入常规灰度图像并在 Unity 中将其转换为法线贴图。(本页面引用的是已被标准着色器取代的旧版着色器,但您可以了解有关如何使用标准着色器中的法线贴图的更多信息)
法线贴图是一种切线空间类型的法线贴图。切线空间是“贴合模型几何体表面”的空间。在此空间中,Z 总是背离表面。切线空间法线贴图比其他“对象空间”类型的法线贴图的成本稍高,但有一些优点:
漫射会计算一个简单的 (Lambertian) 光照模型。表面上的光照随着表面与光源之间的角度减小而减弱。光照仅取决于此角度,在摄像机移动或旋转时不会改变。
通常,此着色器的渲染成本低。有关更多详细信息,请查看着色器性能页面。
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