此示例演示如何使用 PropertyVisitor 基类来创建属性访问者。有关使用 IPropertyBagVisitor 和 IPropertyVisitor 接口的对应示例,请参阅使用低级 API 创建属性访问者。
此示例包含创建属性访问程序的分步说明,此访问程序将对象的当前状态打印到控制台。
假设您具有以下类型:
public class Data
{
public string Name = "Henry";
public Vector2 Vec2 = Vector2.one;
public List<Color> Colors = new List<Color> { Color.green, Color.red };
public Dictionary<int, string> Dict = new Dictionary<int, string> {{5, "zero"}};
}
创建如下所示的实用程序方法 DebugUtilities:
public static class DebugUtilities
{
public static void PrintObjectDump<T>(T value)
{
// Magic goes here.
}
}
使用 Data 对象调用 PrintObjectDump 方法,如下所示:
DebugUtilities.PrintObjectDump(new Data());
将以下内容打印到控制台:
- Name {string} = Henry
- Vec2 {Vector2} = (1.00, 1.00)
- Colors {List<Color>}
- [0] = {Color} RGBA(0.000, 1.000, 0.000, 1.000)
- [1] = {Color} RGBA(1.000, 0.000, 0.000, 1.000)
- Dict {Dictionary<int, string>}
- [5] {KeyValuePair<int, string>}
- Key {int} = 5
- Value {string} = five
首先,创建一个 DumpObjectVisitor 类。在类中,使用 StringBuilder 构建表示对象当前状态的字符串。
创建一个继承自 PropertyVisitor 的 DumpObjectVisitor 类。
向该类添加 StringBuilder 字段。
添加一个 Reset 方法,用于清除 StringBuilder 并重置缩进级别。
添加一个 GetDump 方法,返回对象当前状态的字符串表示。
完成的类如下所示:
// `PropertyVisitor` is an abstract class that you must subclass from it.
public class DumpObjectVisitor: PropertyVisitor
{
private const int k_InitialIndent = 0;
private readonly StringBuilder m_Builder = new StringBuilder();
private int m_IndentLevel = k_InitialIndent;
private string Indent => new (' ', m_IndentLevel * 2);
public void Reset()
{
m_Builder.Clear();
m_IndentLevel = k_InitialIndent;
}
public string GetDump()
{
return m_Builder.ToString();
}
}
在 DumpObjectVisitor 类中,覆盖 VisitProperty 方法以访问对象的每个属性并记录属性名称。该 PropertyVisitor 不需要任何成员来实现,默认情况下,它只是访问每个属性,不执行任何操作。
在 DumpObjectVisitor 类中,添加以下覆盖 VisitProperty 方法:
protected override void VisitProperty<TContainer, TValue>(Property<TContainer, TValue> property, ref TContainer container, ref TValue value)
{
m_Builder.AppendLine($"- {property.Name}");
}
现在有了一个最基础的访问者,就可以实现 Utility 方法了。更新 DebugUtilities 类中的 PrintObjectDump 方法以创建新的 DumpObjectVisitor 实例,并用它来访问特定对象的属性:
public static class DebugUtilities
{
private static readonly DumpObjectVisitor s_Visitor = new ();
public static void PrintObjectDump<T>(T value)
{
s_Visitor.Reset();
// This is the main entry point to run a visitor.
PropertyContainer.Accept(s_Visitor, ref value);
Debug.Log(s_Visitor.GetDump());
}
}
它会输出以下内容:
- Name
- Vec2
- Colors
- Dict
上一部分的输出表明,覆盖 VisitProperty 方法时,该方法不会自动访问对象的子属性。要获取子属性,请使用 PropertyContainer.Accept 方法对每个值递归地应用访问者。
在 DebugUtilities 类中,更新 VisitProperty 方法,在要嵌套的值上递归地应用访问者:
protected override void VisitProperty<TContainer, TValue>(Property<TContainer, TValue> property, ref TContainer container, ref TValue value)
{
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {property.Name}");
++m_IdentLevel;
// Apply this visitor recursively on the value to nest in.
if (null != value)
PropertyContainer.Accept(this, ref value);
--m_IdentLevel;
}
它会输出以下内容:
- Name
- Vec2
- x
- y
- Colors
- 0
- r
- g
- b
- a
- 1
- r
- g
- b
- a
- Dict
- 5
- Key
- Value
接下来,让我们获取集合项的属性名称以及每个属性的类型和值。
某些属性具有特殊的名称,尤其是在处理集合项时。以下是属性名称的约定:
为了使此区别更加明确,请将属性名称括在方括号内。
在 DumpObjectVisitor 类中,添加以下方法:
private static string GetPropertyName(IProperty property)
{
return property switch
{
// You can also treat `IListElementProperty`, `IDictionaryElementProperty`, and `ISetElementProperty` separately.
ICollectionElementProperty => $"[{property.Name}]",
_ => property.Name
};
}
更新 VisitProperty 方法以使用 TypeUtility.GetTypeDisplayName 检索特定类型的显示名称。
protected override void VisitProperty<TContainer, TValue>(Property<TContainer, TValue> property, ref TContainer container, ref TValue value)
{
var propertyName = GetPropertyName(property);
// Get the concrete type of the property or its declared type if value is null.
var typeName = TypeUtility.GetTypeDisplayName(value?.GetType() ?? property.DeclaredValueType());
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} = {{{typeName}}} {value}");
++m_IndentLevel;
if (null != value)
PropertyContainer.Accept(this, ref value);
--m_IndentLevel;
}
它会输出以下内容:
- Name = {string} Henry
- Vec2 = {Vector2} (1.00, 1.00)
- x = {float} 1
- y = {float} 1
- Colors = {List<Color>} System.Collections.Generic.List`1[UnityEngine.Color]
- [1] = {Color} RGBA(0.000, 1.000, 0.000, 1.000)
- r = {float} 0
- g = {float} 1
- b = {float} 0
- a = {float} 1
- [1] = {Color} RGBA(1.000, 0.000, 0.000, 1.000)
- r = {float} 1
- g = {float} 0
- b = {float} 0
- a = {float} 1
- Dict = {Dictionary<int, string>} System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[System.Int32,System.String]
- [5] = {KeyValuePair<int, string>} [5, five]
- Key = {int} 5
- Value = {string} five
由于 List<T> 不会覆盖 ToString() 方法,因此列表值显示为 System.Collections.Generic.List1[UnityEngine.Color]。要减少显示的信息量,请更新 VisitProperty 以使用 TypeTraits.IsContainer Utility 方法仅显示不包含子属性的类型(例如图元、枚举和字符串)的值。
在 DumpObjectVisitor 类中,更新 VisitProperty 方法以使用 TypeTraits.IsContainer 确定该值是否为容器类型。如果是,则显示不带值的类型名称。否则,显示类型名称和值。
protected override void VisitProperty<TContainer, TValue>(Property<TContainer, TValue> property, ref TContainer container, ref TValue value)
{
var propertyName = GetPropertyName(property);
var type = value?.GetType() ?? property.DeclaredValueType();
var typeName = TypeUtility.GetTypeDisplayName(type);
// Only display the values for primitives, enums and strings.
if (TypeTraits.IsContainer(type))
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} {{{typeName}}}");
else
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} = {{{typeName}}} {value}");
++m_IndentLevel;
if (null != value)
PropertyContainer.Accept(this, ref value);
--m_IndentLevel;
}
它会输出以下内容:
- Name = {string} Henry
- Vec2 {Vector2}
- x = {float} 1
- y = {float} 1
- Colors {List<Color>}
- [0] {Color}
- r = {float} 0
- g = {float} 1
- b = {float} 0
- a = {float} 1
- [1] {Color}
- r = {float} 1
- g = {float} 0
- b = {float} 0
- a = {float} 1
- Dict {Dictionary<int, string>}
- [5] {KeyValuePair<int, string>}
- Key = {int} 5
- Value = {string} five
提示:
为了减少显示的信息量,还可以使用以下方法覆盖集合类型的 Visit 特化:
protected override void VisitCollection<TContainer, TCollection, TElement>(Property<TContainer, TCollection> property, ref TContainer container, ref TCollection value) {}
protected override void VisitList<TContainer, TList, TElement>(Property<TContainer, TList> property, ref TContainer container, ref TList value) {}
protected override void VisitDictionary<TContainer, TDictionary, TKey, TValue>(Property<TContainer, TDictionary> property, ref TContainer container, ref TDictionary value) {}
protected override void VisitSet<TContainer, TSet, TValue>(Property<TContainer, TSet> property, ref TContainer container, ref TSet value) {}
这些方法与 VisitProperty 方法类似,但它们公开了各自集合类型的通用参数。
最后,添加每个类型的覆盖,以更紧凑的方式显示 Vector2 和 Color 类型。
将 PropertyVisitor 与 IVisitPropertyAdapter 结合使用。每当为特定类型注册适配器时,如果在访问期间遇到目标类型,则会调用适配器而不是 VisitProperty 方法:
在 DumpObjectVisitor 类中,为 Vector2 和 Color 添加 IVisitPropertyAdapter:
public class DumpObjectVisitor
: PropertyVisitor
, IVisitPropertyAdapter<Vector2>
, IVisitPropertyAdapter<Color>
{
public DumpObjectVisitor()
{
AddAdapter(this);
}
void IVisitPropertyAdapter<Vector2>.Visit<TContainer>(in VisitContext<TContainer, Vector2> context, ref TContainer container, ref Vector2 value)
{
var propertyName = GetPropertyName(context.Property);
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} = {{{nameof(Vector2)}}} {value}");
}
void IVisitPropertyAdapter<Color>.Visit<TContainer>(in VisitContext<TContainer, Color> context, ref TContainer container, ref Color value)
{
var propertyName = GetPropertyName(context.Property);
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} = {{{nameof(Color)}}} {value}");
}
}
完成的 DumpObjectVisitor 类如下所示:
public class DumpObjectVisitor
: PropertyVisitor
, IVisitPropertyAdapter<Vector2>
, IVisitPropertyAdapter<Color>
{
private const int k_InitialIndent = 0;
// StringBuilder to store the dumped object's properties and values.
private readonly StringBuilder m_Builder = new StringBuilder();
private int m_IndentLevel = k_InitialIndent;
// Helper property to get the current indentation.
private string Indent => new (' ', m_IndentLevel * 2);
public DumpObjectVisitor()
{
// Constructor, it initializes the DumpObjectVisitor and adds itself as an adapter
// to handle properties of type Vector2 and Color.
AddAdapter(this);
}
// Reset the visitor, clearing the StringBuilder and setting indentation to initial level.
public void Reset()
{
m_Builder.Clear();
m_IndentLevel = k_InitialIndent;
}
// Get the string representation of the dumped object.
public string GetDump()
{
return m_Builder.ToString();
}
// Helper method to get the property name, handling collections and other property types.
private static string GetPropertyName(IProperty property)
{
return property switch
{
// If it's a collection element property, display it with brackets
ICollectionElementProperty => $"[{property.Name}]",
// For other property types, display the name as it is
_ => property.Name
};
}
// This method is called when visiting each property of an object.
// It determines the type of the value and formats it accordingly for display.
protected override void VisitProperty<TContainer, TValue>(Property<TContainer, TValue> property, ref TContainer container, ref TValue value)
{
var propertyName = GetPropertyName(property);
// Get the type of the value or property.
var type = value?.GetType() ?? property.DeclaredValueType();
var typeName = TypeUtility.GetTypeDisplayName(type);
// Only display the values for primitives, enums, and strings, and treat other types as containers.
if (TypeTraits.IsContainer(type))
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} {{{typeName}}}");
else
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} = {{{typeName}}} {value}");
// Increase indentation level before visiting child properties (if any).
++m_IndentLevel;
if (null != value)
PropertyContainer.Accept(this, ref value);
// Decrease indentation level after visiting child properties.
--m_IndentLevel;
}
// This method is a specialized override for Vector2 properties.
// It displays the property name and its value as a Vector2.
void IVisitPropertyAdapter<Vector2>.Visit<TContainer>(in VisitContext<TContainer, Vector2> context, ref TContainer container, ref Vector2 value)
{
var propertyName = GetPropertyName(context.Property);
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} = {{{nameof(Vector2)}}} {value}");
}
// This method is a specialized override for Color properties.
// It displays the property name and its value as a Color.
void IVisitPropertyAdapter<Color>.Visit<TContainer>(in VisitContext<TContainer, Color> context, ref TContainer container, ref Color value)
{
var propertyName = GetPropertyName(context.Property);
m_Builder.AppendLine($"{Indent}- {propertyName} = {{{nameof(Color)}}} {value}");
}
}
对数据运行访问程序时,默认情况下,它会直接在给定的对象上开始访问。对于任何属性访问程序,要开始访问对象的子属性,请将 PropertyPath 传递给 PropertyContainer.Accept 方法。
更新 DebugUtilities 方法以采取可选的 PropertyPath:
public static class DebugUtilities
{
private static readonly DumpObjectVisitor s_Visitor = new();
public static void PrintObjectDump<T>(T value, PropertyPath path = default)
{
s_Visitor.Reset();
if (path.IsEmpty)
PropertyContainer.Accept(s_Visitor, ref value);
else
PropertyContainer.Accept(s_Visitor, ref value, path);
Debug.Log(s_Visitor.GetDump());
}
}
使用 Data 对象调用 PrintObjectDump 方法。这将获得所需输出。