使用 IMGUI 系统时,可使用两种不同的模式来排列和组织__ UI__(即用户界面,User Interface)让用户能够与您的应用程序进行交互。Unity 目前支持三种 UI 系统。更多信息
See in Glossary:固定布局模式和自动布局模式。到目前为止,本指南中提供的每个 IMGUI 示例都使用了固定布局。要使用自动布局,应在调用控件函数时写入 GUILayout 而不是 GUI。不必使用一种布局模式来替代另一种布局模式,可在同一 OnGUI() 函数中同时使用这两种模式。
当有预先设计好的界面可供使用时,采用固定布局比较合理。如果预先不知道需要多少元素,或者不想费心进行每个控件的手动定位,则采用自动布局比较合适。例如,如果要基于保存游戏文件创建大量不同的按钮,但无法准确知道要绘制多少按钮,这种情况下采用自动布局可能会更加合理。具体实际上取决于游戏设计以及所需的界面呈现方式。
使用自动布局时有两个主要的不同之处:
/* Two key differences when using Automatic Layout */
// JavaScript
function OnGUI () {
// Fixed Layout
GUI.Button (Rect (25,25,100,30), "I am a Fixed Layout Button");
// Automatic Layout
GUILayout.Button ("I am an Automatic Layout Button");
}
// C#
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {
void OnGUI () {
// Fixed Layout
GUI.Button (new Rect (25,25,100,30), "I am a Fixed Layout Button");
// Automatic Layout
GUILayout.Button ("I am an Automatic Layout Button");
}
}
根据使用的布局模式,可通过不同的挂钩来控制控件的位置以及控件如何组合在一起。在固定布局中,可将不同的控件放入__组__中。在自动布局中,可将不同的控件放入__区域、水平组__和__垂直组__中
组是固定布局模式中的布局规则。使用组可以定义包含多个控件的屏幕区域。为定义组中包含的控件,需要使用 GUI.BeginGroup() 和 GUI.EndGroup() 函数。组内的所有控件将根据组的左上角而不是屏幕的左上角进行定位。因此,如果在运行时重新定位组,则将保持组中所有控件的相对位置。
例如,在屏幕上使多个控件居中非常容易。
/* Center multiple Controls on the screen using Groups */
// JavaScript
function OnGUI () {
// Make a group on the center of the screen
GUI.BeginGroup (Rect (Screen.width / 2 - 50, Screen.height / 2 - 50, 100, 100));
// All rectangles are now adjusted to the group. (0,0) is the topleft corner of the group.
// We'll make a box so you can see where the group is on-screen.
GUI.Box (Rect (0,0,100,100), "Group is here");
GUI.Button (Rect (10,40,80,30), "Click me");
// End the group we started above. This is very important to remember!
GUI.EndGroup ();
}
// C#
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {
void OnGUI () {
// Make a group on the center of the screen
GUI.BeginGroup (new Rect (Screen.width / 2 - 50, Screen.height / 2 - 50, 100, 100));
// All rectangles are now adjusted to the group. (0,0) is the topleft corner of the group.
// We'll make a box so you can see where the group is on-screen.
GUI.Box (new Rect (0,0,100,100), "Group is here");
GUI.Button (new Rect (10,40,80,30), "Click me");
// End the group we started above. This is very important to remember!
GUI.EndGroup ();
}
}
还可以将多个组嵌套在一起。这样做时,每个组的内容都会裁剪到其父项空间。
/* Using multiple Groups to clip the displayed Contents */
// JavaScript
var bgImage : Texture2D; // background image that is 256 x 32
var fgImage : Texture2D; // foreground image that is 256 x 32
var playerEnergy = 1.0; // a float between 0.0 and 1.0
function OnGUI () {
// Create one Group to contain both images
// Adjust the first 2 coordinates to place it somewhere else on-screen
GUI.BeginGroup (Rect (0,0,256,32));
// Draw the background image
GUI.Box (Rect (0,0,256,32), bgImage);
// Create a second Group which will be clipped
// We want to clip the image and not scale it, which is why we need the second Group
GUI.BeginGroup (Rect (0,0,playerEnergy * 256, 32));
// Draw the foreground image
GUI.Box (Rect (0,0,256,32), fgImage);
// End both Groups
GUI.EndGroup ();
GUI.EndGroup ();
}
// C#
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {
// background image that is 256 x 32
public Texture2D bgImage;
// foreground image that is 256 x 32
public Texture2D fgImage;
// a float between 0.0 and 1.0
public float playerEnergy = 1.0f;
void OnGUI () {
// Create one Group to contain both images
// Adjust the first 2 coordinates to place it somewhere else on-screen
GUI.BeginGroup (new Rect (0,0,256,32));
// Draw the background image
GUI.Box (new Rect (0,0,256,32), bgImage);
// Create a second Group which will be clipped
// We want to clip the image and not scale it, which is why we need the second Group
GUI.BeginGroup (new Rect (0,0,playerEnergy * 256, 32));
// Draw the foreground image
GUI.Box (new Rect (0,0,256,32), fgImage);
// End both Groups
GUI.EndGroup ();
GUI.EndGroup ();
}
}
区域仅用于自动布局模式。区域定义了有限的屏幕区域来包含 GUILayout 控件,因此在功能上类似于固定布局组。由于自动布局的性质,几乎始终要用到区域。
在自动布局模式下,不需要在控制级别定义绘制控件的屏幕区域。控件将自动放置在包含该控件的区域的最左上角。此区域可能是指屏幕。此外也可以创建手动定位的区域。一个区域内的 GUILayout 控件将放置在该区域的最左上角。
/* A button placed in no area, and a button placed in an area halfway across the screen. */
// JavaScript
function OnGUI () {
GUILayout.Button ("I am not inside an Area");
GUILayout.BeginArea (Rect (Screen.width/2, Screen.height/2, 300, 300));
GUILayout.Button ("I am completely inside an Area");
GUILayout.EndArea ();
}
// C#
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {
void OnGUI () {
GUILayout.Button ("I am not inside an Area");
GUILayout.BeginArea (new Rect (Screen.width/2, Screen.height/2, 300, 300));
GUILayout.Button ("I am completely inside an Area");
GUILayout.EndArea ();
}
}
请注意,在一个区域内,具有可见元素(如按钮和框形)的控件会将宽度拉伸到该区域的整个长度。
使用自动布局时,默认情况下控件将从上到下依次出现。在很多情况下,需要更精确控制控件的放置位置以及排列方式。如果使用自动布局模式,则可以选择水平和垂直组。
与其他布局控件一样,可以调用单独的函数来开始或结束这些组。这些函数为 GUILayout.BeginHorizontal()、 GUILayout.EndHorizontal()、GUILayout.BeginVertical() 和 GUILayout.EndVertical()。
水平组内的所有控件都将始终采用水平布局方式。垂直组内的所有控件都将始终采用垂直布局方式。这听起来很简单,但若要将组嵌套在彼此内部,就不那么简单了。通过嵌套的方式可在任何能够想象的配置中排列任意数量的控件。
/* Using nested Horizontal and Vertical Groups */
// JavaScript
var sliderValue = 1.0;
var maxSliderValue = 10.0;
function OnGUI()
{
// Wrap everything in the designated GUI Area
GUILayout.BeginArea (Rect (0,0,200,60));
// Begin the singular Horizontal Group
GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
// Place a Button normally
if (GUILayout.RepeatButton ("Increase max\nSlider Value"))
{
maxSliderValue += 3.0 * Time.deltaTime;
}
// Arrange two more Controls vertically beside the Button
GUILayout.BeginVertical();
GUILayout.Box("Slider Value: " + Mathf.Round(sliderValue));
sliderValue = GUILayout.HorizontalSlider (sliderValue, 0.0, maxSliderValue);
// End the Groups and Area
GUILayout.EndVertical();
GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
GUILayout.EndArea();
}
// C#
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {
private float sliderValue = 1.0f;
private float maxSliderValue = 10.0f;
void OnGUI()
{
// Wrap everything in the designated GUI Area
GUILayout.BeginArea (new Rect (0,0,200,60));
// Begin the singular Horizontal Group
GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
// Place a Button normally
if (GUILayout.RepeatButton ("Increase max\nSlider Value"))
{
maxSliderValue += 3.0f * Time.deltaTime;
}
// Arrange two more Controls vertically beside the Button
GUILayout.BeginVertical();
GUILayout.Box("Slider Value: " + Mathf.Round(sliderValue));
sliderValue = GUILayout.HorizontalSlider (sliderValue, 0.0f, maxSliderValue);
// End the Groups and Area
GUILayout.EndVertical();
GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
GUILayout.EndArea();
}
}
可使用 GUILayoutOption 覆盖某些自动布局参数。要执行此操作,可提供相应的选项作为 GUILayout 控件的最终参数。
在上面的区域示例中,是否还记得按钮的宽度扩展到区域宽度的 100%?如果愿意,我们可以覆盖这种行为。
/* Using GUILayoutOptions to override Automatic Layout Control properties */
//JavaScript
function OnGUI () {
GUILayout.BeginArea (Rect (100, 50, Screen.width-200, Screen.height-100));
GUILayout.Button ("I am a regular Automatic Layout Button");
GUILayout.Button ("My width has been overridden", GUILayout.Width (95));
GUILayout.EndArea ();
}
// C#
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class GUITest : MonoBehaviour {
void OnGUI () {
GUILayout.BeginArea (new Rect (100, 50, Screen.width-200, Screen.height-100));
GUILayout.Button ("I am a regular Automatic Layout Button");
GUILayout.Button ("My width has been overridden", GUILayout.Width (95));
GUILayout.EndArea ();
}
}
有关可能的 GUILayoutOption 的完整列表,请阅读 GUILayoutOption 脚本参考页面。