Physically Based Rendering Material Validator

The Physically Based RenderingThe process of drawing graphics to the screen (or to a render texture). By default, the main camera in Unity renders its view to the screen. More info
See in Glossary Material Validator is a draw mode in the SceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info
See in Glossary View. It allows you to make sure your materials use values which fall within the recommended reference values for physically-based shadersA program that runs on the GPU. More info
See in Glossary. If pixelThe smallest unit in a computer image. Pixel size depends on your screen resolution. Pixel lighting is calculated at every screen pixel. More info
See in Glossary values in a particular Material fall outside of the reference ranges, the Material Validator highlights the pixels in different colors to indicate failure.

To use the Material Validator, select the Scene ViewAn interactive view into the world you are creating. You use the Scene View to select and position scenery, characters, cameras, lights, and all other types of Game Object. More info
See in Glossary’s draw mode drop-down menu, which is is usually set to Shaded by default.

Navigate to the Material Validation section. The Material Validator has two modes: Validate Albedo and Validate Metal Specular.

Note: You can also check the recommended values with Unity’s Material Charts. You still need to use these charts when authoring Materials to decide your albedo and metal specular values. However, the Material Validator provides you with a visual, in-editor way of quickly checking whether your Materials’ values are valid once your Assets are in the Scene.

Also note: The validator only works in Linear color space. Physically Based Rendering is not intended for use with Gamma color space, so if you are using Physically Based Rendering and the PBR Material Validator, you should also be using Linear color space.

Validate Albedo mode

The PBR Validation Settings that appear in the Scene view when you set Material Validation to Validate Albedo.

Unity’s Material charts define the standard luminance range as 50–243 sRGB for non-metals, and 186–255 sRGB for metals. Validate Albedo mode colors any pixels outside of these ranges with different colors to indicate that the value is too low or too high.

In the example below, the first texture is below the minimum luminance value, and therefore too dark. The fourth texture is above the maximum luminance value, and therefore too bright.

The material charts provide albedo values for common Materials. The brightness of albedo values has a dramatic impact on the amount of diffuse bounce light generated, so it is important for Global IlluminationA group of techniques that model both direct and indirect lighting to provide realistic lighting results. Unity has two global illumination systems that combine direct and indirect lighting.: Baked Global Illumination, and Realtime Global Illumination.
See in Glossary baking to make sure that your different Material types are within the correct luminance ranges, in proportion with each other. To help you get these values right, you can select from the presets in the Luminance Validation drop-down, which provides common Material albedo values to verify the luminance ranges of particular Material types.

Overriding the default luminance values

Depending on the art style of your project, you might want the luminance values of Materials to differ from the preset luminance ranges. In this case, you can override the built-in albedo values used by the Material Validator with your own values. To override the preset luminance ranges, assign an array of AlbedoSwatchInfo values for each desired Material type to the property EditorGraphicsSettings.albedoSwatches.

Validate Metal Specular mode

The PBR Validation Settings that appear in the Scene view when you set Material Validation to Validate Metal Specular.

Unity’s Material charts define two separate specular colorThe color of a specular highlight.
See in Glossary ranges:

• Non-metallic materials: 40–75 sRGB
• Metallic materials: 155 - 255 sRGB

In Unity, all non-metallic Materials have a constant specular color that always falls within the correct range. However, it is common for metallic Materials to have specular values that are too low. To help you identify metallic Materials with this issue, the Material Validator’s Validate Metal Specular mode colors all pixels that have a specular color value that is too low. This includes all non-metallic materials by definition.

In the example below, the left material is below the minimum specular value, and therefore too dark. This also applies to the Scene’s background. The right material has specular values with in the valid range.

Pure Metals

Unity defines physically-based shading materials with a specular color greater than 155 sRGB as metallic. For Unity to define a metallic Material as a pure metal

If a non-metallic surface has a specular color value that is too high, but has a non-zero albedo value, this is often due to an authoring error. The Material Validator also has an option called Check Pure Metals. When you enable this option, the Material Validator colors in yellow any Material that Unity defines as metallic but which has a non-zero albedo value. An example of this can be seen in the images below. It shows three materials, the left and right materials are pure metals, but the middle material is not, so the Material Validator colors it yellow:

In the second image above, the background is red because the Materials in the background are below the minimum specular value for the Material Validator’s Validate Metal Specular mode.

For complex materials that combine metallic and non-metallic properties, the pure metal checker is likely to pick up some invalid pixels, but if a Material is totally invalid, it’s usually a sign of an authoring error.

Implementation

The Material Validator works with any Materials that use Unity’s Standard shader or surface shadersA streamlined way of writing shaders for the Built-in Render Pipeline. More info
See in Glossary. However, custom shaders require a pass named “META”. Most custom shaders that support lightmapping already have this pass defined. See documentation on Lightmapping and shaders for more details.

Carry out the following steps to make your custom shader compatible with the Material Validator:

1. Add the following pragma to the meta pass: #pragma shader_feature EDITOR_VISUALIZATION
2. In the UnityMetaInput structure, assign the specular color of the Material to the field called SpecularColor, as shown in the code example below.

Here is an example of a custom meta pass:

Pass
{
    Name "META" 
    Tags { "LightMode"="Meta" }

    Cull Off

    CGPROGRAM
    #pragma vertex vert_meta
    #pragma fragment frag_meta

    #pragma shader_feature _EMISSION
    #pragma shader_feature _METALLICGLOSSMAP
    #pragma shader_feature _ _SMOOTHNESS_TEXTURE_ALBEDO_CHANNEL_A
    #pragma shader_feature ___ _DETAIL_MULX2
    #pragma shader_feature EDITOR_VISUALIZATION

    float4 frag_meta(v2f_meta i) : SV_TARGET
    {
        UnityMetaInput input;
        UNITY_INITIALIZE_OUTPUT(UnityMetaInput, input);
        float4 materialSpecularColor = float4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        float4 materialAlbedo = float4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        input.SpecularColor = materialSpecularColor;
        input.Albedo = materialAlbedo;

        return UnityMetaFragment(input);
    }  
}

• 2018–03–28 Page published
• Material Validator updated in Unity 2017.3