There are two ways to import 3D models into Unity:
Select the file in the Project view and navigate to the Model tab in the Inspector window to configure import options. See documentation on Models for more information about import options.
Unity supports importing models from most popular 3D applications. For more guidance on how to import from specific 3D packages, see the following pages:
You must store Textures in a folder called Textures, placed inside the Assets folder (next to the exported Mesh) within your Unity Project. This enables the Unity Editor to find the Textures and connect them to the generated Materials. For more information, see documentation on Importing Textures.
Unity supports importing Meshes from two different types of files:
Unity 可以导入和使用这两种类型的文件,每种文件都有各自的优缺点。
Unity can read .fbx, .dae (Collada), .3ds, .dxf, .obj, and .skp files. Refer to your 3D modeling software documentation for information about exporting 3D files.
优点:
缺点:
Unity can import proprietary files from the following DCC software: Max, Maya, Blender, Cinema4D, Modo, Lightwave & Cheetah3D. Files imported this way are converted into .fbx files by Unity during the import process.
优点:
缺点:
Note: Assets saved as .ma, .mb, .max, .c4d, or .blend files fail to import unless you have the corresponding DCC software installed in your computer. This means that everybody working on your Unity project must have the correct software installed. For example, if you use Maya to create ExampleModel.mb and copy it into your project, anyone else opening that project also needs to have Maya installed on their computer.
Model files that are placed in the Assets folder in your Unity project are automatically imported and stored as Unity Assets.
A model file can contain a 3D model, such as a character, a building, or a piece of furniture. The model is imported as multiple Assets. In the Project window, the main imported object is a model Prefab. Usually there are also several Mesh objects that are referenced by the model Prefab.
A model file can also contain animation data, which can be used to animate this model or other models. The animation data is imported as one or more Animation Clips.
The Import Settings for a model file is displayed in the Model tab of the FBX importer’s Inspector window when the model is selected. These affect the Mesh and its Normals. Settings are applied per Asset on disk, so if you need Assets with different settings, make (and rename accordingly) a duplicate file.
属性 | 功能 | |
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Meshes | ||
Scale Factor | Unity’s physics system expects 1 meter in the game world to be 1 unit in the imported file. If you prefer to model at a different scale then you can compensate for it here. Defaults for different 3D packages are as follows: .fbx, .max, .jas, .c4d = 0.01 .mb, .ma, .lxo, .dxf, .blend, .dae = 1 .3ds = 0.1 |
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Use File Scale | Tick the checkbox to use the default model scaling, or untick to use a custom scaling value for your model. Unity’s physics system expects 1 meter in the game world to be 1 unit in the imported file. If you prefer to model at a different scale then you can compensate for it here. | |
File Scale | Use this value field to set the scale you want to use for your model. | |
Mesh Compression | Increasing this value reduces the file size of the Mesh, but might introduce irregularities. It’s best to turn it up as high as possible without the Mesh looking too different from the uncompressed version. This is useful for optimizing game size. | |
Read/Write Enabled | If enabled, Mesh data is kept in memory so that a custom script can read and change it. Disabling this option saves memory, because Unity can unload a copy of Mesh data in the game. However, in certain cases when the Mesh is used with a Mesh Collider, this option must be enabled. These cases include: - Negative scaling (for example, (–1, 1, 1)). - Shear transform (for example, when a rotated Mesh has a scaled parent transform). |
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Optimize Mesh | Tick this checkbox if you want Unity to determine the order in which triangles are listed in the Mesh. | |
Import Blendshapes | Tick this checkbox if you want Unity to allow BlendShapes to be imported with your Mesh. | |
Generate Colliders | If this is enabled, your Meshes are imported with Mesh Colliders automatically attached. This is useful for quickly generating a collision Mesh for environment geometry, but should be avoided for geometry you are moving. | |
Keep Quads | Unity can import any type of polygon ( triangle to N-gon ). Polygons that have more than 4 vertices are always converted to triangles. Quads are only converted to triangles if “Keep Quads” is off. Quads might be preferable over polygons when using Tessellation shaders. See documentation on Surface Shader Tessellation for more information. | |
Weld Vertices | Tick this checkbox to combine vertices that share the same position in space. This optimizes the vertex count on Meshes by reducing their overall number. This checkbox is ticked by default. Note that there is also a WeldVertices parameter on the ModelImporter class, which does the same thing via scripting. In some cases, you might need to switch this optimization off when importing your Meshes; for example, if you have constructed your Mesh in such a way that you intentionally have duplicate vertices which occupy the same position, and you want to use scripting to read or manipulate the individual vertex or triangle data. . |
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Import Cameras | Tick this checkbox to import cameras from your .FBX file | |
Import Lights | Tick this checkbox to import lights from your .FBX file | |
Swap UVs | Tick this checkbox if lightmapped objects are picking up the wrong UV channels. This swaps your primary and secondary UV channels. | |
Generate Lightmap UVs | Tick this checkbox if you want Unity to create a second UV channel to be used for Lightmapping. See documentation on Lightmapping for more information. | |
Normals & Tangents | ||
Normals | 定义是否以及如何计算法线。这对于优化游戏大小很有用。 | |
Import | Default option. Imports normals from the file. | |
Calculate | Calculates normals based on Smoothing angle. If selected, the Smoothing Angle becomes enabled. | |
None | Disables normals. Use this option if the Mesh is neither normal mapped nor affected by realtime lighting. | |
Normals Mode | Define how the normals are calculated by Unity. This is only available when Normals is set to Calculate. | |
Unweighted Legacy | The legacy method of computing the normals (prior to version 2017.1). In some cases it gives slightly different results compared to the current implementation. It is the default for all FBX prefabs imported before the migration of the project to the latest version of Unity. | |
Unweighted | 法线不加权。 | |
Area Weighted | 法线按照图面面积加权。 | |
Angle Weighted | 法线按照每个图面上的顶角加权。 | |
Area and Angle Weighted | Default option. The normals are weighted by both the face area and the vertex angle on each face. This is the default option. | |
Tangents | Defines if and how tangents and binormals should be calculated. This is useful for optimizing game size. | |
Import | Imports tangents and binormals from the file. This option is available only for FBX, Maya and 3dsMax files and only when normals are imported from the file. | |
Calculate | Default option. Calculates tangents and binormals. This option is available only when normals are either imported or calculated. | |
None | Disables tangents and binormals. The Mesh has no Tangents, so won’t work with normal-mapped shaders. | |
Smoothing Angle | Sets how sharp an edge has to be in order to be treated as a hard edge. It is also used to split normal map tangents. | |
Split Tangents | Enable this if normal map lighting is broken by seams on your Mesh. This usually only applies to characters. |
The following Camera properties are supported when importing Cameras from an .FBX file:
Field of View
Projection mode ( Orthographic or perspective )
Near plane distance
Far plane distance
The following light types are supported:
The following light properties are supported:
2017–09–04 页面已修订并只进行了有限的编辑审查
2017–12–05 页面已修订并只进行了有限的编辑审查
用户手册 5.6 版中首次记录了 Keep Quads 的现有(Unity 5.6 之前)功能
在 Unity 2017.1 中添加了 Normals Mode、Light 和 Camera 导入选项 NewIn20171
2017.2 中添加了 Materials 选项卡 NewIn20172