Синтаксис ShaderLab: Stencil
You can use the stencil buffer as a general purpose per pixel mask for saving or discarding pixels.
The stencil buffer is usually an 8 bit integer per pixel. The value can be written to, increment or decremented. Subsequent draw calls can test against the value, to decide if a pixel should be discarded before running the pixel shader.
Синтаксис
Ref
Ref referenceValue
The value to be compared against (if Comp is anything else than always) and/or the value to be written to the buffer (if either Pass, Fail or ZFail is set to replace). 0–255 integer.
ReadMask
ReadMask readMask
An 8 bit mask as an 0–255 integer, used when comparing the reference value with the contents of the buffer (referenceValue & readMask) comparisonFunction (stencilBufferValue & readMask). Default: 255.
WriteMask
WriteMask writeMask
An 8 bit mask as an 0–255 integer, used when writing to the buffer. Note that, like other write masks, it specifies which bits of stencil buffer will be affected by write (i.e. WriteMask 0 means that no bits are affected and not that 0 will be written). Default: 255.
Comp
Comp comparisonFunction
The function used to compare the reference value to the current contents of the buffer. Default: always.
Pass
Pass stencilOperation
What to do with the contents of the buffer if the stencil test (and the depth test) passes. Default: keep.
Fail
Fail stencilOperation
What to do with the contents of the buffer if the stencil test fails. Default: keep.
ZFail
ZFail stencilOperation
What to do with the contents of the buffer if the stencil test passes, but the depth test fails. Default: keep.
Comp, Pass, Fail and ZFail will be applied to the front-facing geometry, unless Cull Front is specified, in which case it’s back-facing geometry. You can also explicitly specify the two-sided stencil state by defining CompFront, PassFront, FailFront, ZFailFront (for front-facing geometry), and CompBack, PassBack, FailBack, ZFailBack (for back-facing geometry).
Comparison Function
Comparison function is one of the following:
| Greater | Only render pixels whose reference value is greater than the value in the buffer. |
| GEqual | Only render pixels whose reference value is greater than or equal to the value in the buffer. |
| Less | Only render pixels whose reference value is less than the value in the buffer. |
| LEqual | Only render pixels whose reference value is less than or equal to the value in the buffer. |
| Equal | Only render pixels whose reference value equals the value in the buffer. |
| NotEqual | Only render pixels whose reference value differs from the value in the buffer. |
| Always | Make the stencil test always pass. |
| Never | Make the stencil test always fail. |
Stencil Operation
Stencil operation is one of the following:
| Keep | Keep the current contents of the buffer. |
| Zero | Write 0 into the buffer. |
| Replace | Write the reference value into the buffer. |
| IncrSat | Increment the current value in the buffer. If the value is 255 already, it stays at 255. |
| DecrSat | Decrement the current value in the buffer. If the value is 0 already, it stays at 0. |
| Invert | Negate all the bits. |
| IncrWrap | Increment the current value in the buffer. If the value is 255 already, it becomes 0. |
| DecrWrap | Decrement the current value in the buffer. If the value is 0 already, it becomes 255. |
Deferred rendering path
Stencil functionality for objects rendered in the deferred rendering path is somewhat limited, as during the G-buffer pass and lighting pass, Unity uses the stencil buffer for other purposes. During those two stages, the stencil state defined in the shader will be ignored. Because of that, you cannot mask out these objects based on a stencil test, but they can still modify the buffer contents, to be used by objects rendered later in the frame. Objects rendered in the forward rendering path following the deferred path (e.g. transparent objects or objects without a surface shader) will set their stencil state normally again.
These bits are used for the stencil buffer in the deferred rendering path:
- Bit #7 (value=128) indicates any non-background object.
- Bit #6 (value=64) indicates non-lightmapped objects.
- Bit #5 (value=32) is not used by Unity.
- Bit #4 (value=16) is used for light shape culling during the lighting pass, so that the lighting shader is only executed on pixels that the light touches, and not on pixels where the surface geometry is actually behind the light volume.
- Lowest four bits (values 1,2,4,8) are used for light layer culling masks.
It is possible to operate within the range of the unused bits using the stencil read and write masks, or you can force the camera to clean the stencil buffer after the lighting pass using Camera.clearStencilAfterLightingPass.
Пример
The first example shader will write the value ‘2’ wherever the depth test passes. The stencil test is set to always pass.
Shader "Red" {
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry"}
Pass {
Stencil {
Ref 2
Comp always
Pass replace
}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
struct appdata {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
};
v2f vert(appdata v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
return o;
}
half4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
return half4(1,0,0,1);
}
ENDCG
}
}
}
The second shader will pass only for the pixels which the first (red) shader passed, because it is checking for equality with the value ‘2’. It will also decrement the value in the buffer wherever it fails the Z test.
Shader "Green" {
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry+1"}
Pass {
Stencil {
Ref 2
Comp equal
Pass keep
ZFail decrWrap
}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
struct appdata {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
};
v2f vert(appdata v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
return o;
}
half4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
return half4(0,1,0,1);
}
ENDCG
}
}
}
The third shader will only pass wherever the stencil value is ‘1’, so only pixels at the intersection of both red and green spheres - that is, where the stencil is set to ‘2’ by the red shader and decremented to ‘1’ by the green shader.
Shader "Blue" {
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry+2"}
Pass {
Stencil {
Ref 1
Comp equal
}
CGPROGRAM
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
struct appdata {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
};
v2f vert(appdata v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
return o;
}
half4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
return half4(0,0,1,1);
}
ENDCG
}
}
}
Результат:
Another example of a more directed effect. The sphere is first rendered with this shader to mark-up the proper regions in the stencil buffer:
Shader "HolePrepare" {
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry+1"}
ColorMask 0
ZWrite off
Stencil {
Ref 1
Comp always
Pass replace
}
CGINCLUDE
struct appdata {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
};
struct v2f {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
};
v2f vert(appdata v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
return o;
}
half4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
return half4(1,1,0,1);
}
ENDCG
Pass {
Cull Front
ZTest Less
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
ENDCG
}
Pass {
Cull Back
ZTest Greater
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
ENDCG
}
}
}
And then rendered once more as a fairly standard surface shader, with the exception of front face culling, disabled depth test and stencil test discarding previously marked pixels:
Shader "Hole" {
Properties {
_Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,0)
}
SubShader {
Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry+2"}
ColorMask RGB
Cull Front
ZTest Always
Stencil {
Ref 1
Comp notequal
}
CGPROGRAM
#pragma surface surf Lambert
float4 _Color;
struct Input {
float4 color : COLOR;
};
void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) {
o.Albedo = _Color.rgb;
o.Normal = half3(0,0,-1);
o.Alpha = 1;
}
ENDCG
}
}
Результат:
