遮挡贴图用于提供关于模型哪些区域应接受高或低间接光照的信息。间接光照来自环境光照和反射,因此模型的深度凹陷部分(例如裂缝或折叠位置)实际上不会接收到太多的间接光照。
遮挡纹理贴图通常由 3D 应用程序使用建模器或第三方软件直接从 3D 模型进行计算。
遮挡贴图是灰度图像,其中以白色表示应接受完全间接光照的区域,以黑色表示没有间接光照。有时,对于简单的表面而言,这就像灰度高度贴图一样简单(例如前面高度贴图示例中显示的凸起石墙纹理)。
在其他情况下,生成正确的遮挡纹理稍微复杂一些。例如,如果场景中的角色穿着罩袍,则罩袍的内边缘应设置为非常低的间接光照,或者完全没有光照。在这些情况下,遮挡贴图通常将由美术师制作,使用 3D 应用程序基于模型自动生成遮挡贴图。
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