Unity loads compiled shaders from your built application in the following way:
This approach ensures that Unity and the graphics driver avoid processing and storing all the shader variants on the GPU before Unity needs them. But there might be a visible stall when the graphics driver creates a GPU-specific shader variant for the first time.
Unity caches each GPU-specific shader variant, to avoid another stall when Unity needs the shader variant again.
Unity removes the shader variant completely from CPU and GPU memory when there are no longer any objects that reference the shader variant.
Unity only loads compiled shaders that are compatible with the platform’s graphics API, hardware and graphics tier.
If Unity can’t find the shader variant it needs because you or Unity stripped the shader variant from your built application, Unity tries to select a similar shader variant. If Unity can’t find a similar shader variant, it uses the magenta error shader.
You can enable strict shader variant matching to stop Unity trying to select a similar shader variant.
If a shader variant contains multiple subshaders, Unity tries to select and use a single subshader that’s compatible with all of the following:
Unity searches for the first compatible subshader among the following elements in the following order:
If Unity can’t find a compatible subshader, it uses the magenta error shader.
You can set which subshaders are compatible with which hardware using ShaderLabUnity’s language for defining the structure of Shader objects. More info
See in Glossary tags. See ShaderLab: assigning tags to a SubShader.
To avoid visible stalls at performance-intensive times, Unity can ask the graphics driver to create GPU representations of shader variants before they’re first needed. This is called prewarming.
You can prewarm in the following ways:
You can also add shader variant collections to the Preloaded shaders section of the Graphics Settings window. Unity uses the ShaderVariantCollection.WarmUp
API to load and prewarm the shader variant collections when your built application starts.
If you build for DirectX 12, Metal or Vulkan, the graphics driver can only create an accurate GPU representation of a shader variant if it knows the exact vertex data layout and render state. If a prewarmed GPU representation is inaccurate, Unity might still stall when it needs to create the accurate representation.
To create accurate variants and avoid stalling, you should prewarm by renderingThe process of drawing graphics to the screen (or to a render texture). By default, the main camera in Unity renders its view to the screen. More info
See in Glossary Materials off-screen.
You can also:
Experimental.Rendering.ShaderWarmup
, but only if you can provide the vertex data layout and set the render state accurately.ShaderVariantCollection.Warmup
or Shader.WarmupAllShaders
, which may create inaccurate prewarmed GPU representations because you can’t provide a vertex data layout or render state.You can use the following profiler markersPlaced in code to describe a CPU or GPU event that is then displayed in the Unity Profiler window. Added to Unity code by default, or you can use ProfilerMarker API to add your own custom markers. More info
See in Glossary to see shader loading in the ProfilerA window that helps you to optimize your game. It shows how much time is spent in the various areas of your game. For example, it can report the percentage of time spent rendering, animating, or in your game logic. More info
See in Glossary:
Shader.ParseThreaded
and Shader.ParseMainThread
for Unity loading the shader object from serialized data.Shader.CreateGPUProgram
for Unity creating a GPU-specific version of a shader variant.