Texture 2D

Textures bring your Meshes, Particles, and interfaces to life! They are image or movie files that you lay over or wrap around your objects. As they are so important, they have a lot of properties. If you are reading this for the first time, jump down to Details, and return to the actual settings when you need a reference.

The shaders you use for your objects put specific requirements on which textures you need, but the basic principle is that you can put any image file inside your project. If it meets the size requirements (specified below), it will get imported and optimized for game use. This extends to multi-layer Photoshop or TIFF files - they are flattened on import, so there is no size penalty for your game.

Properties

The Texture Inspector looks a bit different from most others:

The inspector is split into two sections, the Texture Importer and the texture preview.

Texture Importer

Textures all come from image files in your Project Folder. How they are imported is specified by the Texture Importer. You change these by selecting the file texture in the Project View and modifying the Texture Importer in the Inspector.

The topmost item in the inspector is the Texture Type menu that allows you to select the type of texture you want to create from the source image file.

Texture Type	Select this to set basic parameters depending on the purpose of your texture.
Texture	This is the most common setting used for all the textures in general.
Normal Map	Select this to turn the color channels into a format suitable for real-time normal mapping. For more info, see Normal Maps
GUI	Use this if your texture is going to be used on any HUD/GUI Controls.
Reflection	Also known as Cube Maps, used to create reflections on textures. check Cubemap Textures for more info.
Cookie	This sets up your texture with the basic parameters used for the Cookies of your lights
Advanced	Select this when you want to have specific parameters on your texture and you want to have total control over your texture.

Alpha From Grayscale	If enabled, an alpha transparency channel will be generated by the image's existing values of light & dark.
Wrap Mode	Selects how the Texture behaves when tiled:
Repeat	The Texture repeats (tiles) itself
Clamp	The Texture's edges get stretched
Filter Mode	Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations:
Point	The Texture becomes blocky up close
Bilinear	The Texture becomes blurry up close
Trilinear	Like Bilinear, but the Texture also blurs between the different mip levels
Aniso Level	Increases texture quality when viewing the texture at a steep angle. Good for floor and ground textures, see below.

Create from Greyscale	If this is enabled then Bumpiness and Filtering options will be shown.
Bumpiness	Control the amount of bumpiness.
Filtering	Determine how the bumpiness is calculated:
Smooth	This generates normal maps that are quite smooth.
Sharp	Also known as a Sobel filter. this generates normal maps that are sharper than Standard.
Wrap Mode	Selects how the Texture behaves when tiled:
Repeat	The Texture repeats (tiles) itself
Clamp	The Texture's edges get stretched
Filter Mode	Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations:
Point	The Texture becomes blocky up close
Bilinear	The Texture becomes blurry up close
Trilinear	Like Bilinear, but the Texture also blurs between the different mip levels
Aniso Level	Increases texture quality when viewing the texture at a steep angle. Good for floor and ground textures, see below.

Filter Mode	Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations:
Point	The Texture becomes blocky up close
Bilinear	The Texture becomes blurry up close
Trilinear	Like Bilinear, but the Texture also blurs between the different mip levels

Wrap Mode	Selects how the Texture behaves when tiled:
Repeat	The Texture repeats (tiles) itself
Clamp	The Texture's edges get stretched
Filter Mode	Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations:
Point	The Texture becomes blocky up close
Bilinear	The Texture becomes blurry up close
Trilinear	Like Bilinear, but the Texture also blurs between the different mip levels

Mapping	This determines how the texture will be mapped to a cubemap.
Sphere Mapped	Maps the texture to a "sphere like" cubemap.
Cylindrical	Maps the texture to a cylinder, use this when you want to use reflections on objects that are like cylinders.
Simple Sphere	Maps the texture to a simple sphere, deforming the reflection when you rotate it.
Nice Sphere	Maps the texture to a sphere, deforming it when you rotate but you still can see the texture's wrap
6 Frames Layout	The texture contains six images arranged in one of the standard cubemap layouts, cross or sequence (+x -x +y -y +z -z) and the images can be in either horizontal or vertical orientation.
Fixup edge seams	Removes visual artifacts at the joined edges of the map image(s), which will be visible with glossy reflections.
Filter Mode	Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations:
Point	The Texture becomes blocky up close
Bilinear	The Texture becomes blurry up close
Trilinear	Like Bilinear, but the Texture also blurs between the different mip levels
Aniso Level	Increases texture quality when viewing the texture at a steep angle. Good for floor and ground textures, see below.

An interesting way to add a lot of visual detail to your scenes is to use Cookies - greyscale textures you use to control the precise look of in-game lighting. This is fantastic for making moving clouds and giving an impression of dense foliage. The Light page has more info on all this, but the main thing is that for textures to be usable for cookies you just need to set the Texture Type to Cookie.

Light Type	Type of light that the texture will be applied to. (This can be Spotlight, Point or Directional lights). For Directional Lights this texture will tile, so in the texture inspector, you must set the Edge Mode to Repeat; for SpotLights You should keep the edges of your cookie texture solid black in order to get the proper effect. In the Texture Inspector, set the Edge Mode to Clamp.
Mapping	(Point light only) Options for mapping the texture onto the spherical cast of the point light.
Sphere Mapped	Maps the texture to a "sphere like" cubemap.
Cylindrical	Maps the texture to a cylinder, use this when you want to use reflections on objects that are like cylinders.
Simple Sphere	Maps the texture to a simple sphere, deforming the reflection when you rotate it.
Nice Sphere	Maps the texture to a sphere, deforming it when you rotate but you still can see the texture's wrap
6 Frames Layout	The texture contains six images arranged in one of the standard cubemap layouts, cross or sequence (+x -x +y -y +z -z) and the images can be in either horizontal or vertical orientation.
Fixup edge seams	(Point light only) Removes visual artifacts at the joined edges of the map image(s).
Alpha from Greyscale	If enabled, an alpha transparency channel will be generated by the image's existing values of light & dark.

Filter Mode	Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations:
Point	The Texture becomes blocky up close
Bilinear	The Texture becomes blurry up close
Trilinear	Like Bilinear, but the Texture also blurs between the different mip levels
Aniso Level	Increases texture quality when viewing the texture at a steep angle. Good for floor and ground textures, see below.

Non Power of 2	If texture has non-power-of-two size, this will define a scaling behavior at import time (for more info see the Texture Sizes section below):
None	Texture will be padded to the next larger power-of-two size for use with GUITexture component.
To nearest	Texture will be scaled to the nearest power-of-two size at import time. For instance 257x511 texture will become 256x512. Note that PVRTC formats require textures to be square (width equal to height), therefore final size will be upscaled to 512x512.
To larger	Texture will be scaled to the next larger power-of-two size at import time. For instance 257x511 texture will become 512x512.
To smaller	Texture will be scaled to the next smaller power-of-two size at import time. For instance 257x511 texture will become 256x256.
Generate Cube Map	Generates a cubemap from the texture using different generation methods.
Spheremap	Maps the texture to a "sphere like" cubemap.
Cylindrical	Maps the texture to a cylinder, use this when you want to use reflections on objects that are like cylinders.
SimpleSpheremap	Maps the texture to a simple sphere, deforming the reflection when you rotate it.
NiceSpheremap	Maps the texture to a sphere, deforming it when you rotate but you still can see the texture's wrap
FacesVertical	The texture contains the six faces of the cube arranged in a vertical strip in the order +x -x +y -y +z -z.
FacesHorizontal	The texture contains the six faces of the cube arranged in a horizontal strip in the order +x -x +y -y +z -z.
CrossVertical	The texture contains the six faces of the cube arranged in a vertically oriented cross.
CrossHorizontal	The texture contains the six faces of the cube arranged in a horizontally oriented cross.
Read/Write Enabled	Select this to enable access to the texture data from scripts (GetPixels, SetPixels and other Texture2D functions). Note however that a copy of the texture data will be made, doubling the amount of memory required for texture asset. Use only if absolutely necessary. This is only valid for uncompressed and DTX compressed textures, other types of compressed textures cannot be read from. Disabled by default.
Import Type	The way the image data is interpreted.
Default	Standard texture.
Normal Map	Texture is treated as a normal map (enables other options)
Lightmap	Texture is treated as a lightmap (disables other options)
Alpha from grayscale	(Default mode only) Generates the alpha channel from the luminance information in the image
Create from grayscale	(Normal map mode only) Creates the map from the luminance information in the image
Bypass sRGB sampling	(Default mode only) Use the exact colour values from the image rather than compensating for gamma (useful when the texture is for GUI or used as a way to encode non-image data)
Generate Mip Maps	Select this to enable mip-map generation. Mip maps are smaller versions of the texture that get used when the texture is very small on screen. For more info, see Mip Maps below.
In Linear Space	Generate mipmaps in linear colour space.
Border Mip Maps	Select this to avoid colors seeping out to the edge of the lower Mip levels. Used for light cookies (see below).
Mip Map Filtering	Two ways of mip map filtering are available to optimize image quality:
Box	The simplest way to fade out the mipmaps - the mip levels become smoother and smoother as they go down in size.
Kaiser	A sharpening Kaiser algorithm is run on the mip maps as they go down in size. If your textures are too blurry in the distance, try this option.
Fade Out Mipmaps	Enable this to make the mipmaps fade to gray as the mip levels progress. This is used for detail maps. The left most scroll is the first mip level to begin fading out at. The rightmost scroll defines the mip level where the texture is completely grayed out
Wrap Mode	Selects how the Texture behaves when tiled:
Repeat	The Texture repeats (tiles) itself
Clamp	The Texture's edges get stretched
Filter Mode	Selects how the Texture is filtered when it gets stretched by 3D transformations:
Point	The Texture becomes blocky up close
Bilinear	The Texture becomes blurry up close
Trilinear	Like Bilinear, but the Texture also blurs between the different mip levels
Aniso Level	Increases texture quality when viewing the texture at a steep angle. Good for floor and ground textures, see below.

Per-Platform Overrides

When you are building for different platforms, you have to think about the resolution of your textures for the target platform, the size and the quality. You can set default options and then override the defaults for a specific platform.

Max Texture Size	The maximum imported texture size. Artists often prefer to work with huge textures - scale the texture down to a suitable size with this.
Texture Format	What internal representation is used for the texture. This is a tradeoff between size and quality. In the examples below we show the final size of a in-game texture of 256 by 256 pixels:
Compressed	Compressed RGB texture. This is the most common format for diffuse textures. 4 bits per pixel (32 KB for a 256x256 texture).
16 bit	Low-quality truecolor. Has 16 levels of red, green, blue and alpha.
Truecolor	Truecolor, this is the highest quality. At 256 KB for a 256x256 texture.

If you have set the Texture Type to Advanced then the Texture Format has different values.

Desktop

iOS

Android

Flash

Format	Image format
RGB JPG Compressed	RGB image data compressed in JPG format
RGBA JPG Compressed	RGBA image data (ie, with alpha) compressed in JPG format
RGB 24-bit	Uncompressed RGB image data, 8 bits per channel
RGBA 32-bit	Uncompressed RGBA image data, 8 bits per channel

Details

Supported Formats

Unity can read the following file formats: PSD, TIFF, JPG, TGA, PNG, GIF, BMP, IFF, PICT. It should be noted that Unity can import multi-layer PSD & TIFF files just fine. They are flattened automatically on import but the layers are maintained in the assets themselves, so you don't lose any of your work when using these file types natively. This is important as it allows you to just have one copy of your textures that you can use from Photoshop, through your 3D modelling app and into Unity.

Texture Sizes

Ideally texture sizes should be powers of two on the sides. These sizes are as follows: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 or 2048 pixels. The textures do not have to be square, i.e. width can be different from height.

It is possible to use other (non power of two) texture sizes with Unity. Non power of two texture sizes work best when used on GUI Textures, however if used on anything else they will be converted to an uncompressed RGBA 32 bit format. That means they will take up more video memory (compared to PVRT(iOS)/DXT(Desktop) compressed textures), will be slower to load and slower to render (if you are on iOS mode). In general you'll use non power of two sizes only for GUI purposes.

Non power of two texture assets can be scaled up at import time using the Non Power of 2 option in the advanced texture type in the import settings. Unity will scale texture contents as requested, and in the game they will behave just like any other texture, so they can still be compressed and very fast to load.

One potential problem with using non power of two textures this is that Unity will convert these textures internally to power of two, and this stretching process can introduce minor visual artefacts.

UV Mapping

When mapping a 2D texture onto a 3D model, some sort of wrapping is done. This is called UV mapping and is done in your 3D modelling app. Inside Unity, you can scale and move the texture using Materials. Scaling normal & detail maps is especially useful.

Mip Maps

Mip Maps are a list of progressively smaller versions of an image, used to optimise performance on real-time 3D engines. Objects that are far away from the camera use the smaller texture versions. Using mip maps uses 33% more memory, but not using them can be a huge performance loss. You should always use mipmaps for in-game textures; the only exceptions are textures that will never be minified (e.g. GUI textures).

Normal Maps

Normal maps are used by normal map shaders to make low-polygon models look as if they contain more detail. Unity uses normal maps encoded as RGB images. You also have the option to generate a normal map from a grayscale height map image.

Detail Maps

If you want to make a terrain, you normally use your main texture to show where there are areas of grass, rocks sand, etc... If your terrain has a decent size, it will end up very blurry. Detail textures hide this fact by fading in small details as your main texture gets up close.

When drawing detail textures, a neutral gray is invisible, white makes the main texture twice as bright and black makes the main texture completely black.

Reflections (Cube Maps)

If you want to use texture for reflection maps (e.g. use the Reflective builtin shaders), you need to use Cubemap Textures.

Anisotropic filtering

Anisotropic filtering increases texture quality when viewed from a grazing angle, at some expense of rendering cost (the cost is entirely on the graphics card). Increasing anisotropy level is usually a good idea for ground and floor textures. In Quality Settings anisotropic filtering can be forced for all textures or disabled completely.

Page last updated: 2012-10-25