サーフェスシェーダーライティングの例

頂点シェーダーとフラグメントシェーダーのプログラミング

DX11 / OpenGL コアテッセレーションのサーフェスシェーダー

Surface Shader は DirectX 11 / OpenGL Core GPU テッセレーションを一部サポートします。具体的には以下の通りです。

テッセレーションは tessellate:FunctionName 修飾子により指定されます。この関数は三角形の辺とテッセレーション要素の内部を計算します。
テッセレーションが使用されている場合、“vertex modifier” (vertex:FunctionName) がテッセレーションの後に、ドメインシェーダーの中のおのおの生成された頂点に対して、実行されます。通常は Displacement マッピングです。
サーフェイスシェーダーは任意で phong tessellation を計算し、モデルの表面を、Displacement マッピングなしに、均等にスムージングします。

現時点でのテッセレーションのサポートに関する制約

三角形ドメインのみサポートしており、四角形や等値線テッセレーションはサポートしていません。
When you use tessellation, the shader is automatically compiled into the Shader Model 4.6 target, which prevents support for running on older graphics targets.

GPU テッセレーションなし、頂点モディファイアに Displacement あり

This next example shows a surface shader that does some displacement mapping without using tessellation. It just moves vertices along their normals based on the amount coming from a displacement map:

    Shader "Tessellation Sample" {
            Properties {
                _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
                _DispTex ("Disp Texture", 2D) = "gray" {}
                _NormalMap ("Normalmap", 2D) = "bump" {}
                _Displacement ("Displacement", Range(0, 1.0)) = 0.3
                _Color ("Color", color) = (1,1,1,0)
                _SpecColor ("Spec color", color) = (0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5)
            }
            SubShader {
                Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
                LOD 300
            
                CGPROGRAM
                #pragma surface surf BlinnPhong addshadow fullforwardshadows vertex:disp nolightmap
                #pragma target 4.6

                struct appdata {
                    float4 vertex : POSITION;
                    float4 tangent : TANGENT;
                    float3 normal : NORMAL;
                    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
                };

                sampler2D _DispTex;
                float _Displacement;

                void disp (inout appdata v)
                {
                    float d = tex2Dlod(_DispTex, float4(v.texcoord.xy,0,0)).r * _Displacement;
                    v.vertex.xyz += v.normal * d;
                }

                struct Input {
                    float2 uv_MainTex;
                };

                sampler2D _MainTex;
                sampler2D _NormalMap;
                fixed4 _Color;

                void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) {
                    half4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
                    o.Albedo = c.rgb;
                    o.Specular = 0.2;
                    o.Gloss = 1.0;
                    o.Normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_NormalMap, IN.uv_MainTex));
                }
                ENDCG
            }
            FallBack "Diffuse"
        }

The above shader is fairly standard:

disp 頂点モディファイアは Displacment マップをサンプリングし、頂点を法線に沿って移動します。
カスタムの“頂点データ入力” 構造（ appdata ）を、デフォルトの appdata_full の代わりに、使用します。これはまだ必要ありませんが、テッセレーションでできるかぎり小さい構造を使用するのに効果的です。
頂点データは二番目の UV 座標がないため、nolightmap ディレクティブを追加してライトマップを除外します。

The image below displays some simple GameObjects with this shader applied.

固定量のテッセレーション

If your model’s faces are roughly the same size on screen, add a fixed amount of tesselation to the Mesh (the same tessellation level over the whole Mesh).

The following example script applies a fixed amount of tessellation.

    Shader "Tessellation Sample" {
            Properties {
                _Tess ("Tessellation", Range(1,32)) = 4
                _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
                _DispTex ("Disp Texture", 2D) = "gray" {}
                _NormalMap ("Normalmap", 2D) = "bump" {}
                _Displacement ("Displacement", Range(0, 1.0)) = 0.3
                _Color ("Color", color) = (1,1,1,0)
                _SpecColor ("Spec color", color) = (0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5)
            }
            SubShader {
                Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
                LOD 300
            
                CGPROGRAM
                #pragma surface surf BlinnPhong addshadow fullforwardshadows vertex:disp tessellate:tessFixed nolightmap
                #pragma target 4.6

                struct appdata {
                    float4 vertex : POSITION;
                    float4 tangent : TANGENT;
                    float3 normal : NORMAL;
                    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
                };

                float _Tess;

                float4 tessFixed()
                {
                    return _Tess;
                }

                sampler2D _DispTex;
                float _Displacement;

                void disp (inout appdata v)
                {
                    float d = tex2Dlod(_DispTex, float4(v.texcoord.xy,0,0)).r * _Displacement;
                    v.vertex.xyz += v.normal * d;
                }

                struct Input {
                    float2 uv_MainTex;
                };

                sampler2D _MainTex;
                sampler2D _NormalMap;
                fixed4 _Color;

                void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) {
                    half4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
                    o.Albedo = c.rgb;
                    o.Specular = 0.2;
                    o.Gloss = 1.0;
                    o.Normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_NormalMap, IN.uv_MainTex));
                }
                ENDCG
            }
            FallBack "Diffuse"
        }

In the example above, the tessFixed tessellation function returns four tessellation factors as a single float4 value: three factors for each edge of the triangle, and one factor for the inside of the triangle.

The example returns a constant value that is set in the Material properties.

距離にもとづいたテッセレーション

You can also change tessellation level based on distance from the camera. For example, you could define two distance values:

The distance when tessellation is at maximum (for example, 10 meters).
The distance when the tessellation level gradually decreases (for example, 20 meters).

    Shader "Tessellation Sample" {
            Properties {
                _Tess ("Tessellation", Range(1,32)) = 4
                _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
                _DispTex ("Disp Texture", 2D) = "gray" {}
                _NormalMap ("Normalmap", 2D) = "bump" {}
                _Displacement ("Displacement", Range(0, 1.0)) = 0.3
                _Color ("Color", color) = (1,1,1,0)
                _SpecColor ("Spec color", color) = (0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5)
            }
            SubShader {
                Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
                LOD 300
            
                CGPROGRAM
                #pragma surface surf BlinnPhong addshadow fullforwardshadows vertex:disp tessellate:tessDistance nolightmap
                #pragma target 4.6
                #include "Tessellation.cginc"

                struct appdata {
                    float4 vertex : POSITION;
                    float4 tangent : TANGENT;
                    float3 normal : NORMAL;
                    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
                };

                float _Tess;

                float4 tessDistance (appdata v0, appdata v1, appdata v2) {
                    float minDist = 10.0;
                    float maxDist = 25.0;
                    return UnityDistanceBasedTess(v0.vertex, v1.vertex, v2.vertex, minDist, maxDist, _Tess);
                }

                sampler2D _DispTex;
                float _Displacement;

                void disp (inout appdata v)
                {
                    float d = tex2Dlod(_DispTex, float4(v.texcoord.xy,0,0)).r * _Displacement;
                    v.vertex.xyz += v.normal * d;
                }

                struct Input {
                    float2 uv_MainTex;
                };

                sampler2D _MainTex;
                sampler2D _NormalMap;
                fixed4 _Color;

                void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) {
                    half4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
                    o.Albedo = c.rgb;
                    o.Specular = 0.2;
                    o.Gloss = 1.0;
                    o.Normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_NormalMap, IN.uv_MainTex));
                }
                ENDCG
            }
            FallBack "Diffuse"
        }

Here, the tessellation function takes the vertex data of the three triangle corners before tessellation as its three parameters.

Unity needs this to compute tessellation levels, which depend on vertex positions.

The example includes a built-in helper file, Tessellation.cginc, and calls the UnityDistanceBasedTess function from the file to do all the work. This function computes the distance of each vertex to the camera and derives the final tessellation factors.

辺の長さにもとづいたテッセレーション

Purely distance based tessellation is effective only when triangle sizes are quite similar. In the image above, the GameObjects that have small triangles are tessellated too much, while GameObjects that have large triangles aren’t tessellated enough.

One way to improve this is to compute tessellation levels based on triangle edge length on the screen. Unity should apply a larger tessellation factor to longer edges.

    Shader "Tessellation Sample" {
            Properties {
                _EdgeLength ("Edge length", Range(2,50)) = 15
                _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
                _DispTex ("Disp Texture", 2D) = "gray" {}
                _NormalMap ("Normalmap", 2D) = "bump" {}
                _Displacement ("Displacement", Range(0, 1.0)) = 0.3
                _Color ("Color", color) = (1,1,1,0)
                _SpecColor ("Spec color", color) = (0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5)
            }
            SubShader {
                Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
                LOD 300
            
                CGPROGRAM
                #pragma surface surf BlinnPhong addshadow fullforwardshadows vertex:disp tessellate:tessEdge nolightmap
                #pragma target 4.6
                #include "Tessellation.cginc"

                struct appdata {
                    float4 vertex : POSITION;
                    float4 tangent : TANGENT;
                    float3 normal : NORMAL;
                    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
                };

                float _EdgeLength;

                float4 tessEdge (appdata v0, appdata v1, appdata v2)
                {
                    return UnityEdgeLengthBasedTess (v0.vertex, v1.vertex, v2.vertex, _EdgeLength);
                }

                sampler2D _DispTex;
                float _Displacement;

                void disp (inout appdata v)
                {
                    float d = tex2Dlod(_DispTex, float4(v.texcoord.xy,0,0)).r * _Displacement;
                    v.vertex.xyz += v.normal * d;
                }

                struct Input {
                    float2 uv_MainTex;
                };

                sampler2D _MainTex;
                sampler2D _NormalMap;
                fixed4 _Color;

                void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) {
                    half4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
                    o.Albedo = c.rgb;
                    o.Specular = 0.2;
                    o.Gloss = 1.0;
                    o.Normal = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_NormalMap, IN.uv_MainTex));
                }
                ENDCG
            }
            FallBack "Diffuse"
        }

In this example, you call the UnityEdgeLengthBasedTess function from Tessellation.cginc to do all the work.

For performance reasons, call the UnityEdgeLengthBasedTessCull function instead, which performs patch frustum culling. This makes the shader a bit more expensive, but saves a lot of GPU work for parts of meshes that are outside of the Camera’s view.

Phong テッセレーション

Phong Tessellation は、結果となる表面がメッシュの法線にある程度沿うように、再分割（ subdivide ）された面の位置を修正します。ローポリのメッシュについてスムージングするのにかなり効果的な方法です。

Unity のサーフェイスシェーダーは、tessphong:VariableName ディレクティブを使用することで、Phong テッセレーションを自動計算します。次にシェーダーでの例を示します。

    Shader "Phong Tessellation" {
            Properties {
                _EdgeLength ("Edge length", Range(2,50)) = 5
                _Phong ("Phong Strengh", Range(0,1)) = 0.5
                _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
                _Color ("Color", color) = (1,1,1,0)
            }
            SubShader {
                Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
                LOD 300
            
                CGPROGRAM
                #pragma surface surf Lambert vertex:dispNone tessellate:tessEdge tessphong:_Phong nolightmap
                #include "Tessellation.cginc"

                struct appdata {
                    float4 vertex : POSITION;
                    float3 normal : NORMAL;
                    float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
                };

                void dispNone (inout appdata v) { }

                float _Phong;
                float _EdgeLength;

                float4 tessEdge (appdata v0, appdata v1, appdata v2)
                {
                    return UnityEdgeLengthBasedTess (v0.vertex, v1.vertex, v2.vertex, _EdgeLength);
                }

                struct Input {
                    float2 uv_MainTex;
                };

                fixed4 _Color;
                sampler2D _MainTex;

                void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) {
                    half4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
                    o.Albedo = c.rgb;
                    o.Alpha = c.a;
                }

                ENDCG
            }
            FallBack "Diffuse"
        }

Here is a comparison between a regular shader (top row) and one that uses Phong tessellation (bottom row). See that even without any displacement mapping, the surface becomes more round.

2018–03–20 編集レビューを行って修正されたページ
Tessellation for Metal added in 2018.1

サーフェスシェーダーライティングの例

頂点シェーダーとフラグメントシェーダーのプログラミング

マニュアル

DX11 / OpenGL コアテッセレーションのサーフェスシェーダー

GPU テッセレーションなし、頂点モディファイアに Displacement あり

固定量のテッセレーション

距離にもとづいたテッセレーション

辺の長さにもとづいたテッセレーション

Phong テッセレーション