Fix issues with Probe Volumes

You can adjust settings or use Volume overrides to fix artefacts from Probe Volumes.

Fix dark blotches or streaks

Dark blotches and streaks are caused by Light Probes inside geometry ('invalid' probes). HDRP marks a Light Probe as invalid when the probe fires sampling rays to capture surrounding light data, but the rays hits the unlit backfaces inside geometry.

You can see which Light Probes are invalid using the Rendering Debugger.

To minimise dark blotches and streaks, HDRP uses the following techniques:

  • Virtual Offset, to try to move the capture point of an invalid Light Probe so it's outside any colliders.
  • Dilation, to detect Light Probes that remain invalid after Virtual Offset, and give them data from valid Light Probes nearby.


In the Scene on the left, Virtual Offset isn't active and dark bands are visible. In the Scene on the right, Virtual Offset is active.


In the Scene on the left, Dilation isn't active and some areas are too dark. In the Scene on the right, Dilation is active.

Adjust Virtual Offset

You can configure Virtual Offset in the Baking Set properties. You can adjust the following:

  • The length of the sampling ray Unity uses to find a valid capture point.
  • How far Unity moves a Light Probe's capture position to avoid geometry.
  • How far Unity moves the start point of rays.
  • How many times a probe's sampling ray hits colliders before Unity considers the probe invalid.

You can also disable Virtual Offset for a Baking Set. Virtual Offset only affects baking time, so disabling Virtual Offset doesn't affect runtime performance.

Adjust Dilation

You can configure Dilation in the Baking Set properties. You can adjust the following:

  • The percentage of backfaces a Light Probe can sample before HDRP considers that probe invalid.
  • How far away from the invalid probe Unity searches for valid probes to contribute lighting data.
  • How many iterations of Dilation HDRP does during the bake.
  • How to weight the data from valid probes based on their spatial relationship with the invalid probe.

How you adjust Light Probe density affects the final results, because HDRP uses the settings as a multiplier to calculate the distance between probes.

You can also disable Dilation for a Baking Set. Dilation only affects baking time, so disabling Dilation doesn't affect runtime performance.

Fix light leaks

Light leaks are areas that are too light or dark, often in the corners of a wall or ceiling.


A light leak.

Light leaks are often caused when HDRP gets lighting data from a Light Probe that should be occluded, for example because it's on the other side of the wall. Probe Volumes use regular grids of Light Probes, so Light Probes may not follow walls or be at the boundary between different lighting areas.

To fix light leaks, you can do the following:

Create thicker walls

Adjust walls so their width is closer to the distance between probes in the local brick.

Add a Volume to your Scene

You can add a Volume with a Probe Volume Options override to adjust which Light Probes object pixels sample at runtime.

  1. Add a Volume to your Scene and make sure its area overlaps the camera position.
  2. Select Add Override, then select Lighting > Probe Volume Options.
  3. Enable Normal Bias, then adjust the value to move the position that object pixels use to sample the Light Probes, along the pixel's surface normal.
  4. Enable View Bias, then adjust the value to move the position that object pixels use to sample the Light Probes, towards the camera.
  5. Disable and enable Leak Reduction Mode to see if it improves light leaks.

Because HDRP calculates the effects of a Volume based on Camera position, the effect may change as the Camera moves.

See Probe Volume settings and properties for more information on Probe Volume Options settings.

Adjust Baking Set properties

If adding a Volume doesn't work, use the Baking Set properties to adjust Virtual Offset and Dilation settings.

  1. In Dilation Settings, reduce Dilation Distance.
  2. In Virtual Offset Settings, reduce Search Distance Multiplier and Ray Origin Bias.
  3. If there are light leaks in multiple locations, adjust Min Distance Between Probes and Max Distance Between Probes to increase the density of Light Probes.
  4. Click Generate Lighting to rebake the scene using the new settings.

Note: Don't use very low values for the settings, or Dilation and Virtual Offset might not work.

Add a Probe Adjustment Volume Component

Use a Probe Adjustment Volume Component to make Light Probes invalid in a small area. This triggers Dilation during baking, and improves the results of Leak Reduction Mode at runtime.

  1. In the Probe Volume Inspector, select Add Component, then select Light > Probe Adjustment Volume.
  2. Set the Size so the Probe Adjustment Volume area overlaps the Light Probes causing light leaks.
  3. Enable Invalidate Probes to invalidate the Light Probes.
  4. If you have a Volume with a Probe Volume Options override, enable Leak Reduction Mode.
  5. If needed, use Override Dilation Validity and Dilation Validity Threshold to override the values in the Probe Volume Settings.
  6. In Probe Volume Settings, select Generate Lighting to rebake the scene using the new settings.

Adding a Probe Adjustment Volume solves some light leak issues but usually not all. If you use many Probe Adjustment Volumes in a Scene, your bake will be slower, and your Scene might be harder to understand and maintain.

See Settings and properties related to Probe Volumes.

Fix seams

Seams are artefacts that appear when one lighting condition transitions immediately into another. Seams are caused when two adjacent bricks have different Light Probe densities. See bricks.


Two seams.

To fix seams, do the following:

  1. Add a Volume to your Scene and make sure its area overlaps the position of the camera.
  2. Select Add Override, then select Lighting > Probe Volume Options.
  3. Enable Sampling Bias, then try adjusting the value to add noise and make the transition more diffuse.

Additional resources