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Mesh.tangents

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public var tangents: Vector4[];
public Vector4[] tangents;

Description

The tangents of the mesh.

Tangents are mostly used in bump-mapped shaders. A tangent is a unit length vector that follows mesh surface along horizontal (U) texture direction. Tangents in Unity are represented as Vector4, with x,y,z components defining the vector, and w used to flip the binormal if needed.

Unity calculates the other surface vector (binormal) by taking a cross product between normal and tangent, and multiplying result by tangent.w. Thus w should always be 1 or -1.

You should calculate tangents yourself if you plan to use bump-mapped shaders on the mesh. Assign tangents after assigning normals or using RecalculateNormals.