Network View

Network Views are the gateway to creating networked multiplayer games in Unity. They are simple to use, but they are extremely powerful. For this reason, it is recommended that you understand the fundamental concepts behind networking before you start experimenting with Network Views. You can learn and discover the fundamental concepts in the Network Reference Guide.

In order to use any networking capabilities, including State Synchronization or Remote Procedure Calls, your GameObject must have a Network View attached.

Properties

Details

When you add a Network View to a GameObject, you must decide two things

1. What kind of data you want the Network View to send
2. How you want to send that data

Choosing data to send

The Observed property of the Network View can contain a single Component. This can be a Transform, an Animation, a RigidBody, or a script. Whatever the Observed Component is, data about it will be sent across the network. You can select a Component from the drop-down, or you can drag any Component header directly to the variable. If you are not directly sending data, just using RPC calls, then you can turn off synchronization (no data directly sent) and nothing needs to be set as the Observed property. RPC calls just need a single network view present so you don’t need to add a view specifically for RPC if a view is already present.

How to send the data

You have 2 options to send the data of the Observed Component: State Synchronization and Remote Procedure Calls.

To use State Synchronization, set State Synchronization of the Network View to Reliable Delta Compressed or Unreliable. The data of the Observed Component will now be sent across the network automatically.

Reliable Delta Compressed is ordered. Packets are always received in the order they were sent. If a packet is dropped, that packet will be re-sent. All later packets are queued up until the earlier packet is received. Only the difference between the last transmissions values and the current values are sent and nothing is sent if there is no difference.

If it is observing a Script, you must explicitly Serialize data within the script. You do this within the OnSerializeNetworkView() function.

function OnSerializeNetworkView (stream : BitStream, info : NetworkMessageInfo) {
    var horizontalInput : float = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal");
    stream.Serialize (horizontalInput);
}

The above function always writes (an update from the stream) into horizontalInput, when receiving an update and reads from the variable writing into the stream otherwise. If you want to do different things when receiving updates or sending you can use the isWriting attribute of the BitStream class.

function OnSerializeNetworkView (stream : BitStream, info : NetworkMessageInfo) {
    var horizontalInput : float = 0.0;
    if (stream.isWriting) {
        // Sending
        horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal");
        stream.Serialize (horizontalInput);
    } else {

        // Receiving
        stream.Serialize (horizontalInput);
        // ... do something meaningful with the received variable
    }
}

OnSerializeNetworkView is called according to the sendRate specified in the network manager project settings. By default this is 15 times per second.

If you want to use Remote Procedure Calls in your script all you need is a NetworkView component present in the same GameObject the script is attached to. The NetworkView can be used for something else, or in case it’s only used for sending RPCs it can have no script observed and state synchronization turned off. The function which is to be callable from the network must have the @RPC attribute. Now, from any script attached to the same GameObject, you call networkView.RPC() to execute the Remote Procedure Call.

var playerBullet : GameObject;

function Update () {
    if (Input.GetButtonDown ("Fire1")) {
        networkView.RPC ("PlayerFire", RPCMode.All);
    }
}

@RPC
function PlayerFire () {
    Instantiate (playerBullet, playerBullet.transform.position, playerBullet.transform.rotation);
}

RPCs are transmitted reliably and ordered. For more information about RPCs, see the RPC Details page.

Hints

• Read through the Network Reference Guide if you’re still unclear about how to use Network Views
• State Synchronization does not need to be disabled to use Remote Procedure Calls
• If you have more than one Network View and want to call an RPC on a specific one, use GetComponents(NetworkView)[i].RPC().